Fiordland National Park: A Southwest New Zealand Heritage Area
Written by Mary M. Alward

One of the greatest wilderness areas in the Southern Hemisphere is found in Southwest New Zealand. In Fiordland National Park deep lakes, rivers of ice, lush forests, snow-capped mountains and tussock grasslands produce a landscape filled with the wonders of nature. Examples of animals that inhabit the ancient super-continent of Gondwana still exist in the region. UNESCO recognized these outstanding natural resources in 1990 and formed the Southwest New Zealand World Heritage Area, which covers 2.6 million hectares of New Zealand’s land mass.

Cultural, Historical and Natural Traits

There has never been much human activity in Fiordland, though there have always been those with an adventurous nature willing to face adversary to explore its natural wonders. When the first Europeans arrived here, they were unable to settle the area because of damp climate, isolation and the rugged steepness of the terrain. The early Maori Peoples used the area to hunt birds, fish and gather New Zealand jade. In early times sealers and whalers sought shelter in the fiords and established very small communities along the coast.

Fiordland is alive with diverse flora and fauna. The remoteness of the area has encouraged over seven hundred plants to flourish that cannot be found anywhere else in the world. Fiordland is also home to some of New Zealand’s strangest bird species. The takahe, which was at one time thought to be extinct, was rediscovered here in 1948. Its lineage dates back to ancient times. The species is poorly adapted to cope with predators that have been introduced to New Zealand. This isolated area is a perfect habitat for the species because few humans invade its territory.

The world’s only flightless parrot, the nocturnal kakapo found refuge here when on the verge of extinction. These unique birds are now included in a recovery program.

In some Fiordland valleys, the rare mohua has taken up residence. Insect life abounds here, though it is seldom seen. One exception is the sandfly, which makes it necessary for visitors to arm themselves with insect repellant containing Deet.

Conservation

Fiordland was the scene of an important conservation battle during the 1960’s and 70’s. The hydro electric industry was determined to raise the level of Lake Manapouri. This was prevented and the lake is one of the most beautiful scenic wonders in the park.

Accessing the Park

Fiordland is located in the most southwestern area of the South Island and is not easily accessible by road. The entrance to the park is located in the township of Te Anau. There is regular bus service to the entrance as well as to Milford Sound.

Accommodation

Campgrounds, backpackers and luxury hotels are all available in Te Anau. Visitors can stay at a backpacker’s hostel or bunk in a bed and breakfast on board a tourist vessel at Milford Sound. If accommodation in one of the park’s backpacker’s huts is desirable, no bookings are required. However an annual hut pass or backcountry hut tickets are required. These can be purchased at the Fiordland Visitor Centre.

Activities

Take a scenic flight in a helicopter, float or fixed-wing plane. These are available in Milford Sound and Te Anau. Recreational fishing and hunting is allowed within park boundaries if a permit is obtained. Professional guides can be hired in Te Anau.

The famous Milford Track has been described as “The Finest Walk in the World.” There are also other options available if visitors wish to explore the backcountry. In summer, people in the average fitness range can complete the walks in Fiordland successfully, but winter makes access to the trails more difficult. Experienced mountaineers will find the Darrans a challenge that they will enjoy.

Things to Remember

If you are going to be staying overnight in Fiordland National Park, be sure your group has a capable leader or hire a professional guide. Each member of your party should be equipped with cooking utensils, high energy foods, rain gear, a hat and gloves and layers of warm fleece or heavy clothing. A First Aid Kit is a must.

Be sure to check in at the Fiordland Visitor Centre for track and weather conditions and fill in an intention form. This allows park staff to monitor your visit. Be sure to let them know when your trip is complete so they know you have arrived back safely.

Use common sense, caution. Extra food, a flint and water should be included in your supplies in case of an emergency.

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